About the Book:Nyborg sets out to prove that classic ideas of the mind, learning, and memory must be re-examined through the lens of modern biology. Neuroscience and the biological and biomedical sciences have advanced far beyond the limits of 19th century neuroanatomy, and we now know that chemical neurotransmitters and circulating hormones act to alter electrical brain activity and structure. At the same time heredity is now recognized to be not as omnipotent as in the Nature/Nurture debate of the last century.Nyborg examines these issues, and he shows that recent research in the molecular and brain sciences makes it possible to develop alternative research programs that apply empirical, quantitative, natural science principles and methods in order to unravel intricate problems like human nature and society. He concludes this work with a new approach–Physicology–the study of physico-chemical processes behind body, brain, behavior, and society. This book will be of great interest to behavioral scientists, and all concerned with the impact of physico-chemical processes on the changes in ourselves and our societies.Table of Contents: ForewordPrefaceGeneral introductionMentalistic Approaches to Human Nature and SocietyThe Physicological Research ProgramThe Physicological Analysis of Sexual Differentiation (SD)Intrasystemic Hormone EffectsEvolution and Ultimate Causes of SDThe Proximate Cause of Sexual DifferentiationPermanent Organizational Effects of Sex HormonesTransient Effects of Sex HormonesConversion of One Sex Hormone into AnotherIntermediate Brain Estradiol ConcentrationsSex Hormones as Harmonizers of Body, Brain, and Behavioral DevelopmentOrigin of Sexual Differentiation of the FetusCerebral E2 and SD of the BrainUniversal Economy and Fixed BudgetsSex Hormones and Individual VariabilityEpilogueBibliography